Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of mesenteric lymph drainage on the spleen injury and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in splenic tissue in mice following hemorrhagic shock. Methods: Male C57 mice were randomly divided into the sham shock, shock and shock+drainage groups. The mice in both shock and shock+drainage groups suffered femoral artery bleeding, maintained mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40±2 mmHg for 90 min, and were resuscitated. And mesenteric lymph drainage was performed in the shock+drainage group at the time of resuscitation. After three hours of resuscitation, the splenic tissues were harvested for the histological observation and protein and mRNA expression analysis of cytokines. Results: The spleen in the shock group revealed a significantly structural damage and increased mRNA expressions of MyD88 and TRAF6 and protein expressions of TIPE2, MyD88, TRIF and TRAF3 compared to the sham group. By contrast, the splenic pathological injury in the shock+drainage group was alleviated significantly, and the mRNA and protein expressions of TIPE2, MyD88, TRIF, TRAF3 and TRAF6 were significantly lower than those in the shock group. Conclusion: These results indicate that post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph drainage alleviates hemorrhagic shock-induced spleen injury and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of normal mesenteric lymph (NML) from mice on the spleen injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge.METHODS: Mice in the LPS and LPS+NML groups received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS (35 mg/kg) and kept for 6 h.. The mice in the LPS+NML group received NML treatment at 1 h after LPS injection. Afterward, the splenic morphology, the levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), phosphorylation mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and inflammatory mediators in splenic tissue were investigated.RESULTS:LPS injection induced spleen injury, increased the levels of LBP, CD14, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon γ (IFN-γ), and decreased the IL-4 content in the spleen. By contrast, NML treatment reversed these changes. Meanwhile, the LPS challenge decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and JNK were further decreased by the NML administration.CONCLUSION:rRdThe normal mesenteric lymph treatment alleviated lipopolysaccharide induced spleen injury by attenuating LPS sensitization and production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ.

PURPOSE:To evaluate whether post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PSML) is involved in cardiac dysfunction induced by hemorrhagic shock.METHODS: The hemorrhagic shock model (40±2 mmHg, 3h) was established in rats of the shock and shock+drainage groups; and PSML drainage was performed from hypotension 1-3h in the shock+drainage rats. Then, the isolated hearts were obtained from the rats for the examination of cardiac function with Langendorff system. Subsequently, the isolated hearts were obtained from normal rats and perfused with PSML or Krebs-Henseleit solution, and the changes of cardiac function were observed.RESULTS:The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the maximal rates of LV developed pressure (LVDP) rise and fall (±dP/dtmax) in the shock and shock+drainage groups were lower than that of the sham group; otherwise, these indices in the shock+drainage group were higher compared to the shock group. In addition, after isolated hearts obtained from normal rats perfusing with PSML, these cardiac function indices were gradual decline along with the extension of time, such as heart rate, LVSP, ±dP/dtmax, etc.CONCLUSION:Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph is an important contributor to cardiac dysfunction following hemorrhagic shock.

Um método cromatográfico eletrocinético micelar modificado por ciclodextrina (CD-MEKC) foi desenvolvido para separar e determinar ácido betulínico (BA), ácido oleanólico (OA) e ácido ursólico (UA) usados na medicina tradicional Chinesa (TCMs). Três triterpenos pentacíclicos ácidos foram separados em tampão (pH 9,0) de metanol 6% (v/v), contendo 10 mmol L-1 de tetraborato dissódico, 10 mmol L-1 de hidrogênio fosfato de sódio, 50 mmol L-1 de dodecilsulfato de sódio, 15 mmol L-1 de 2-hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina em 15 min. Uma boa relação linear entre a área de pico e a concentração foram obtidos nos intervalos de 16,5-330 µg mL-1, 18-360 µg mL-1 e 19,5-390 µg mL-1 para BA, OA e UA, respectivamente. Comparado com cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com γ-CD como fase móvel quiral aditiva (CMPA-HPLC), CD-MEKC apresentou melhor eficiência analítica para os três ácidos e o tempo analítico (15 min) foi mais curto do que para CMPA-HPLC (80 min).

A cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (CD-MEKC) method was developed to separate and determine betulinic acid (BA), oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Three pentacyclic triterpene acids were baseline seperated in the buffer (pH 9.0) of 6% (v/v) methanol containing 10 mmol L-1 disodium tetraborate, 10 mmol L-1 sodium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 mmol L-1 sodium dodecylsulfate, 15 mmol L-1 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin within 15 min. The good linear relationships between the peak area and concentration were obtained in the ranges of 16.5-330 µg mL-1, 18-360 µg mL-1 and 19.5-390 µg mL-1 for BA, OA and UA, respectively. Compared with high performance liquid chromatography with γ-CD as chiral mobile phase additive (CMPA-HPLC), CD-MEKC has better analytical efficiency for three acids, and the analytical time (15 min) was shorter than that of CMPA-HPLC (80 min).